Business tax library
Understand the IRS issues behind your score.
Every area the CompDefend assessment grades has a body of federal rules behind it. These pages explain those rules in plain language — what the IRS actually requires, what a given notice means, and what the deadline is — so the score has something underneath it you can check for yourself.
Start here
What "defensible" means for a business tax position, what the IRS can see about your account, and what you would be authorizing if you let someone watch it.
Business tax defensibility: what it is, and how to measure yours
Defensibility is how well your business could support its federal tax positions if the IRS asks. What it covers, why it differs from an audit-risk guess, and how to measure yours free.
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What is the Federal Tax Defensibility Index?
The Federal Tax Defensibility Index (FTDI) is a 0–100 measure of how well your business’s federal tax posture appears supported. What the score means, what confidence means, what missing information does, and what the index does not tell you.
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IRS business account monitoring: what it is and how it works
Your federal business tax account changes between filings — balances, penalties, exam and collection activity. How monitoring under Form 8821 works, what it can and cannot see, and when it helps.
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Business tax transcripts: what they are and how to read them
The IRS keeps a transcript of every business tax account. The transcript types, how to request them, what transaction codes mean, and how owners use them to see what the IRS sees.
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Form 8821: what a tax information authorization actually permits
Form 8821 lets a person or company see your tax information — nothing more. How it differs from Form 2848 power of attorney, what the CAF number is, and how to complete or revoke one.
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Payroll and the people you pay
Two of the areas where small businesses most often build up quiet exposure: who counts as an employee, and getting deposits in on time.
Employee or independent contractor? How the IRS decides
How the IRS actually decides worker classification — behavioral control, financial control, relationship — plus Form SS-8, Section 530 relief, and what misclassification costs.
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Payroll tax deposits: the rules that catch employers off guard
Monthly vs. semiweekly deposit schedules, the $100,000 next-day rule, EFTPS, the penalty tiers for late deposits, and the trust fund recovery penalty that reaches owners personally.
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Running an S corporation
The federal records behind a working owner’s pay: when payroll is required, how W-2, Form 941, Form 940, and Form 1120-S should agree, and what to check when one of them is missing.
S-corp owner payroll: the federal forms and records that must agree
Learn when an S-corp owner is an employee, how reasonable compensation fits, and how W-2, Form 941, Form 940, deposits, and Form 1120-S connect.
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S-corp with no payroll: what to check before you try to fix it
Worked in your S corp but ran no payroll? Identify the affected wage, W-2, 941, 940, and 1120-S records before choosing a correction with a tax professional.
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How to reconcile S-corp payroll across W-2, Form 941, Form 940, and Form 1120-S
Reconcile an S-corp owner’s W-2 and W-3 with Forms 941, 940, and 1120-S. See what should agree, valid differences, and when a mismatch needs review.
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Form 1120-S officer compensation: what belongs on line 7
Learn what belongs on Form 1120-S line 7, how it differs from line 8, when Form 1125-E applies, and how officer wages connect to payroll records.
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Form 941 vs. Form 940 for S-corp payroll
Form 941 reports withholding and Social Security and Medicare taxes; Form 940 reports annual FUTA tax. See when an S-corp employer may need each form.
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When a notice arrives
The IRS says something is owed, missing or wrong. Each page explains what the notice actually means, the deadline printed on it, and what happens if it goes unanswered.
How to read an IRS notice
Read an IRS notice in four passes: notice or letter number, tax form and period, amount or requested action, and the printed deadline. Plus penalty and interest, contact, appeal rights, enclosures, verification, and what to keep.
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Your business received an IRS notice — what to do right now
A worried business owner has a notice in hand. What to do right now: identify the notice, verify it, find the printed deadline, decide agree-disagree-cannot-pay, and know when to involve a tax professional.
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IRS CP161: your business balance-due notice, explained
CP161 says your business owes tax, penalties, or interest the IRS believes is unpaid. Why the numbers may differ from your return, payment and dispute options, and what happens next.
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IRS CP504B: what this intent-to-levy notice really means
CP504B is a final balance-due warning before the IRS can levy certain business property. What it can and cannot seize at this stage, your payment options, and what comes next.
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IRS CP259: the IRS thinks a business return is missing
CP259 means the IRS expected a business return it never received. Why filing requirements linger after closures and S elections, and how to respond before penalties compound.
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IRS CP162: late, incomplete, and required e-filing penalties
CP162 assesses penalties for late, incomplete, or improperly paper-filed 1120-S and 1065 returns. How the amount is computed, current administrative relief, and how to respond.
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IRS CP2100 and the B notice: what your business must do
A CP2100 or CP2100A means payee names and TINs on your 1099s did not match IRS records. The 15-business-day B notice step, backup withholding, and how to fix it — explained.
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Notice 972CG: the proposed information-return penalty, explained
Notice 972CG proposes a penalty for late, incorrect, or missing 1099s and other information returns. The 45-day response window, reasonable-cause relief, and how to respond.
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When an examination starts
A letter proposing an audit, or an examiner asking for records. What stage each one represents, and what is being asked for.
IRS Letter 566: the correspondence audit letter, explained
The Letter 566 series covers mail-audit information requests and some combined examination-report variants. How to identify your stage, follow the printed deadline, and respond.
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IRS Letter 2205: an examiner wants to schedule your audit
Letter 2205 is initial contact for an IRS field examination and may not list the issues under review. What happens before the appointment, what to gather, and how to prepare.
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Form 4564: the information document request, explained
Form 4564 is the examiner’s written list of records they want. How IDRs work, the response timeline, what happens if you ignore one, and how to produce records without over-producing.
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Not sure which of these applies to you?
The free assessment adapts to your business and grades only the areas you actually owe. It names the weak ones, and points at the page that explains each.
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